The article delves into the historical and contemporary perceptions of left-wing politics in Europe, particularly through the lens of Spain. It suggests that the traditional left, which the author experienced, embraced a cosmopolitan ethos, favoring universality over particularism. In Spain, the left is often defined in relation to the Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), with various groups positioning themselves either within or to the left of this party, creating a complex and fragmented political identity.

The text argues that to fully understand being 'to the left of the left', one must analyze the semantics of 'left' itself. The author points out that in Spain, leftist factions often derive their identity from not being part of PSOE, leading to a situation where allegiance dictates political affiliation. This dynamic complicates the conception of leftist unity, as members navigate between multiple parties like Podemos and other distinct groups that coalesce under the 'left of the left' umbrella.

Moreover, the article highlights a significant aspect of Spanish identity politics, where regional and national sentiments intertwine with leftist affiliations. The author implies that a truly cohesive European left must grapple with these local identities while simultaneously aspiring for a united front. Thus, the discussion extends beyond mere political categorization to encompass cultural and national nuances that affect the formation of leftist politics in Europe as a whole.