The article highlights the ongoing discussion surrounding the case of Francesco, a 2-year-old boy who was incorrectly transplanted with a heart that was unfit for use, having suffered severe damage during transport from Bolzano to Naples. This unfortunate incident has placed Francesco at the forefront of Italy's transplant waiting list for a suitable heart. His case serves as a pivotal point for understanding the transplant system in Italy, particularly relating to how patients are prioritized for organ donations.

It explains that each region in Italy is responsible for organ procurement, which is governed under the Essential Levels of Care (Livelli Essenziali di Assistenza, Lea). All citizens are eligible to enroll in a transplant waiting list at any transplant center within their region, or at any national center of their choice, provided they meet the criteria. If a region has fewer than five organ donors per one million inhabitants, patients are allowed to register at centers in other regions to increase their chances of receiving a transplant.

The article aims to demystify the transplant process, outlining the necessary steps to get on the waiting list, including the guidelines established by healthcare authorities. As the case of Francesco continues to garner attention, it sheds light on important issues regarding organ donation, healthcare equity, and the procedural standards upheld throughout the country. This case has implications not only for patients awaiting transplantation but also for healthcare policymakers and advocates pushing for reforms in the transplant system.