A recent investigation in Sweden, led by deputy chief prosecutor Hans Harding, introduced two new proposed offenses aimed at addressing gang-related crime more effectively. The investigation was initiated in mid-March 2025 and seeks to formally recognize participation in a criminal association and association with a criminal group as prosecutable offenses. To be classified under these new definitions, the criminal activity must be serious enough, typically resulting in penalties of more than four years of imprisonment.

The proposal emphasizes a broad definition of a criminal association, which is defined as a group of more than two individuals engaged in criminal activities or otherwise contributing to serious criminality for financial gain or other illegitimate benefits. Harding noted that while the definition is extensive, there must be a degree of seriousness associated with the crimes for them to qualify for prosecution under the new categories. The introduction of these offenses comes in response to the rising concerns about gang violence and organized crime in Sweden, signaling the government's commitment to tackling these issues comprehensively.

Furthermore, the offense of participation targets individuals actively involved in gangs, including recruitment practices, while the offense of association pertains to those who facilitate gang activities, including professional advisors. The implications of these new legal definitions may lead to increased penalties, with life sentences considered for gang leaders. This strategic move reflects Sweden's ongoing efforts to equip law enforcement with more robust tools to combat organized crime effectively and enhance public safety.