The article from El País critiques the notion of a cultural unity across Europe, describing it as an appealing yet imaginary idea. It highlights the roots of this belief in the Enlightenment era, particularly influenced by figures such as Rousseau and Voltaire, who had differing views on European identity. While Rousseau opposed the idea of 'Europeanism' in favor of individual national identities, Voltaire was a proponent of a cohesive European identity, suggesting that national distinctions were irrelevant in the face of a singular European ethos.

The piece further argues that the concept of cultural unity has been co-opted by social networks and financial markets, turning it into a matter of economic gain rather than genuine cultural integration. The author suggests that the reality of European identity is more complex and reflects a diversity of cultures, languages, and beliefs rather than a singular cultural narrative. The historical context of the Enlightenment, with its push for cosmopolitanism, is examined critically, as it primarily represented the thoughts of a select few rather than the populace at large.

In conclusion, the article invites readers to reconsider the prevailing narratives of European unity, challenging the romanticized view of a culturally homogenous continent. It calls attention to the need to appreciate the rich tapestry of individual cultural identities that comprise Europe, advocating for a recognition of diversity rather than a forced notion of unity.