On January 18, a collision occurred between high-speed trains traveling in opposite directions near Adamus, Andalusia, resulting in the deaths of 46 individuals and injuring over 120. The accident is presumed to have been caused by broken tracks. Just two days later, in Barcelona, a supporting wall collapsed onto the tracks causing a local transit train to crash into the debris, leading to the death of the train driver and injuring dozens of passengers.

In the wake of these tragedies, there has been a noted increase in public fear regarding train travel in Spain, as reflected in recent surveys. Alberto Núñez Feijóo, leader of the opposition Conservative Party, stated in Parliament that the accidents could have been avoided, reiterating his call for the resignation of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez amid the heightened public concern.

The leftist Prime Minister defended his government's record, highlighting a reported 11% decrease in train-related accidents since he took office in 2018. Additionally, he noted that investments in railway infrastructure are set to increase nearly threefold from €1.7 billion to €5 billion between 2018 and 2025 compared to the previous six years. These measures aim to improve safety and restore public confidence in the railway system in Spain.