The article discusses the complexities of metal typography, especially relating to the historical metal type printing processes used during the Joseon Dynasty in Korea. The author reflects on personal experiences while collaborating with a research lab on reproducing these techniques, highlighting the essential role of skilled artisans and their cultural heritage in achieving authenticity in materials and processes used for historical printing.

It explains the scientific principles affecting the printing process, such as the differences between porous materials like wood and stone, which absorb ink and pigment, and the smooth, dense nature of metal, which releases ink and requires precise formulations for successful printing. This exploration reveals that although advanced metal casting techniques existed across various cultures, the unique challenges of creating metal type, including the right concentration and texture of pigments, necessitated a complex blend of science and technology.

The author poses critical questions regarding the rationale behind using metal for type, noting its engineering advantages for replication and durability, as seen in Gutenberg's adaptation of wine-making technology for printing. The significance of metal type in ensuring clarity, standardization, and preservation in printing, particularly with copper as a chosen metal for its valuable association with important written words, reflects a deep understanding of both the artistic and technological dimensions of historical printing practices.