Israeli media reports indicate a significant rise in espionage activities favoring Iran, with 37 cases identified since the outbreak of the Gaza conflict on October 7, 2023. Among these, five cases involved members of the Haredi Jewish community. Reports detail activities such as photographing military bases and homes of officials, vandalism, and leaking sensitive information. In light of these findings, Israeli authorities are facing criticism regarding their ability to deter such espionage activities effectively.

The Israeli central court recently sentenced an individual to three years in prison for espionage on behalf of Iran. This ruling, along with the identified cases, has prompted the Israeli Attorney General's office to argue for stricter penalties as a means of deterrence. Officials suggest that simply exposing and prosecuting offenders is insufficient, and more severe consequences are necessary to discourage future spies, especially given that dozens of Israelis have been arrested for espionage activities involving payment from Iranian entities.

The context of these espionage concerns is deepened by the longstanding animosity between Israel and Iran, with both nations viewing each other as principal adversaries. For years, they have exchanged accusations of sabotage and cyber attacks, contributing to an atmosphere of distrust and hostility. Notably, Iran is also conducting trials of its citizens accused of spying for Israel, illustrating the mutual concern over espionage and the broader geopolitical ramifications linked to the ongoing conflict in Gaza and regional tensions.