The article examines the transformation of Russia's political landscape under Vladimir Putin, particularly since his return to the presidency in 2012, which has been labeled as the emergence of "Putin 2.0." This period has seen a marked increase in anti-Western rhetoric and a systematic suppression of dissent, signified by legislation targeting foreign agents and significant crackdowns on protests. The author reflects on the softer political climate during Dmitry Medvedev's presidency, when discussions about potential visa-free travel with the European Union were on the table, contrasting this with the current regime's hostility towards the West.

Key historical events, such as the fraudulent elections and the resulting "white protests," are discussed as pivotal moments that marked a drastic shift in Russia's domestic and foreign policy. The piece highlights how the Kremlin's current disregard for historical experiences shared with its neighbors, particularly when it comes to democratic movements and the aspirations for alignment with Western norms, has led to a dangerous isolation both politically and ideologically. The article raises questions about the potential paths Russia could have taken had it pursued a more democratic trajectory.

In conclusion, the author suggests that understanding this historical trajectory is vital to comprehending the current geopolitical landscape. The implications of this evolution are enormous, not just for Russia but also for its neighbors and Western nations, who must navigate a strategically significant yet increasingly unpredictable neighboring power whose leadership appears committed to an autocratic governance model rejected by much of the world.